[Linux] 기본 명령어 정리

1. ls - 현재 위치 파일, 폴더 조회

ls -l : 상세정보

ls -a : 전체 조회 ( 숨김파일 포함 )

ls -t(-rt) : 생성시간 순 조회

[root@localhost /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

[root@localhost /]# ls -l
total 16
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Apr  5 01:27 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root 4096 Apr 26 04:39 boot
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 3220 Apr  5 02:58 dev
drwxr-xr-x.  75 root root 8192 Apr 26 04:35 etc
drwxrwxrwx.   3 root root   16 Apr  5 01:40 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Apr  5 01:27 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Apr  5 01:27 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 133 root root    0 Apr  5 02:58 proc
dr-xr-xr-x.   3 root root  169 Apr 25 04:54 root
drwxr-xr-x.  26 root root  740 Apr 26 04:42 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Apr  5 01:27 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root    0 Apr  5 02:58 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   8 root root  172 Apr 26 04:42 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Apr  5 01:27 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root  278 Apr  5 02:52 var

 

2. cd - 현재 directory 이동

cd ~ : home directory 이동
cd / : 최상위 directory 이동
cd .. : 상위 directory 이동
cd - : 이전 directory이동

 

3. touch - 파일 생성

touch filename : filename 파일 생성
touch -c filename : filename 현재시간으로 갱신
touch -t 202204262155 filename : filename 날짜정보로 갱신

[root@localhost home]# touch test_file
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  0 Apr 26 21:50 test_file
[root@localhost home]# touch -c test_file
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  0 Apr 26 21:55 test_file
[root@localhost home]# touch -t 202204261100 test_file
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  0 Apr 26 11:00 test_file

 

4. mkdir - directory 생성

mkdir dir1 : dir1 이라는 directory 생성
mkdir dir1 dir2 : 여러 개의 directory ( dir1 dir2 ) 생성
mkdir -p dir1/dir2 : dir1 생성, 하위 dir2 생성
mkdir -m 700 dir1 : dir1 생성 및 권한 부여

( 권한에 대한 추가 내용 https://sangjunui.tistory.com/45 )

[root@localhost home]# mkdir test_folder // make
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 21:50 test_folder // check

[root@localhost home]# mkdir test_folder2 test_folder3  // make
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 21:50 test_folder
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder2 // check
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder3 // check

[root@localhost home]# mkdir -p test_folder4/test_folder5 // make
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 21:50 test_folder
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder3
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 26 Apr 26 22:13 test_folder4 // check
[root@localhost home]# cd test_folder4
[root@localhost test_folder4]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 26 22:13 test_folder5 // check

[root@localhost home]# mkdir -m 777 test_folder6 // make & permission
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 21:50 test_folder
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder3
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 26 Apr 26 22:13 test_folder4
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:15 test_folder6 // check

 

5. cp - 파일 / 디렉터리 복사

cp file1 file2 : file1 -> file2 로 복사
cp -f file1 file2 : file1 -> file2 로 강제 복사 ( file2 존재시 덮어쓰기 )
cp -r dir1 dir2 : dir1 -> dir2 복사 ( 경로내 모든 file, directory 복사 )

[root@localhost home]# cp -r test_folder4 test_folder7 // copy
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 21:50 test_folder
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder3
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 26 Apr 26 22:13 test_folder4
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:15 test_folder6
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 26 Apr 26 22:25 test_folder7 // check
[root@localhost home]# cd test_folder7
[root@localhost test_folder7]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 26 22:25 test_folder5 // check

 

6. mv - 파일 / 디렉터리 이동,변경

mv file1 file2 : fil1 -> file2 로 변경
mv file1 /dir : file1 dir 경로로 이동
mv file1 file2 /dir : fil1,file2 dir 경로로 이동
mv /dir1 /dir2 : dir1 -> dir2로 이름 변경

[root@localhost home]# mv test_folder7 test_folder8 // move
[root@localhost home]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 21:50 test_folder
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:12 test_folder3
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 26 Apr 26 22:13 test_folder4
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root  6 Apr 26 22:15 test_folder6
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 26 Apr 26 22:25 test_folder8 // check

 

7. rm - 파일 / 디렉터리 삭제

rm file1 : file1을 삭제
rm -f file1 : file1을 강제 삭제
rm -r dir : dir 경로 삭제

[root@localhost home]# ls
sj         test_file2   test_folder2  test_folder4  test_folder8
test_file  test_folder  test_folder3  test_folder6
[root@localhost home]# rm test_file // remove
rm: remove regular empty file ‘test_file’? y
[root@localhost home]# ls
sj          test_folder   test_folder3  test_folder6
test_file2  test_folder2  test_folder4  test_folder8
[root@localhost home]# rm -f test_file2 // remove
[root@localhost home]# rm -r test_folder // remove
rm: remove directory ‘test_folder’? y
[root@localhost home]# ls
sj  test_folder2  test_folder3  test_folder4  test_folder6  test_folder8